Glossary G

G

Ganglion

(Plural: ganglia) Usually, a group of nerve cell bodies lying outside of the central nervous system (CNS); also used for one group of nerve cell bodies within the CNS – the basal ganglia.

Gastric

Related to the stomach.

Gastric Juices

Liquids produced in the stomach to help break down food and kill bacteria.

Gastritis

An inflammation of the stomach lining.

Gastroenteritis

An infection or irritation of the stomach and intestines.

Gastroenterologist

A doctor who specializes in digestive diseases or disorders.

Gastroenterology

The field of medicine concerned with the function and disorders of the digestive system.

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

The muscular tube from the mouth to the anus, also called the alimentary canal or digestive tract.

Gastroparesis

Nerve or muscle damage in the stomach. Also called delayed gastric emptying.

Gastroscopy

Examination of the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using an endoscope.

Gastrostomy (G-tube)

A method of enteral feeding in which a tube is surgically introduced through the abdominal wall.

Gene

The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.

Gene expression

The process by which the instructions in genes are converted to messenger RNA, which directs protein synthesis.

Genome

The complete genetic material of an organism.

GER (gastroesophageal reflux)

Also called acid reflux, a condition where the contents of the stomach regurgitates (or backs up) into the esophagus (food pipe), causing discomfort.

GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)

A condition characterized by symptoms and/or tissue damage that results from repeated or prolonged exposure of the lining of the esophagus to acidic contents from the stomach.

Glial cell

A type of cell that surrounds nerve cells and holds them in place. Glial cells also insulate nerve cells from each other.

Global

Overall or multiple (e.g., global symptoms).

Globus

A sensation of something stuck or of a lump or tightness in the throat.

Gluten intolerance

See Celiac disease.

Gut

Intestines.

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